NIST AI Risk Management Framework Checklist
Overview
The NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) is a voluntary framework designed to help organizations manage risks related to artificial intelligence. Published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in January 2023, it provides a structured approach to building trustworthy AI systems.
Who should use NIST AI RMF:
- U.S. federal agencies (following OMB guidance on AI governance)
- Private sector organizations using or developing AI
- Organizations seeking a risk-based approach to AI governance
- Companies preparing for future AI regulations (framework aligns with emerging laws)
What NIST AI RMF covers:
- Four core functions: Govern, Map, Measure, Manage (structured approach to AI risk management)
- Seven characteristics of trustworthy AI: Valid & reliable, Safe, Secure & resilient, Accountable & transparent, Explainable & interpretable, Privacy-enhanced, Fair with harmful bias managed
- Risk-based approach: Adapt to organization's risk appetite, resources, and AI maturity
- Lifecycle perspective: Address AI risks from conception through retirement
How SignalBreak supports NIST AI RMF:
SignalBreak helps organizations implement NIST AI RMF by providing continuous monitoring, risk detection, and governance documentation for AI systems—especially third-party AI providers that organizations depend on but don't directly control.
How to Use This Checklist
- Assess current state: Review each action and outcome, marking your organization's status
- Prioritize gaps: Focus on high-risk AI systems and critical functions first
- Implement controls: Use SignalBreak and organizational policies to address gaps
- Document progress: Maintain evidence of risk management activities
- Review regularly: NIST AI RMF is a continuous cycle—revisit periodically
Checklist symbols:
- ✅ SignalBreak helps directly: Platform feature supports this action
- 📋 SignalBreak provides evidence: Platform generates documentation
- ⚙️ Organization policy required: Must establish policy or process (SignalBreak can enforce)
NIST AI RMF: Four Core Functions
The framework is organized around four functions that represent a lifecycle approach to AI risk management:
- GOVERN: Establish culture, processes, and structures for responsible AI
- MAP: Identify and document AI use cases, context, impacts, and risks
- MEASURE: Assess AI system performance, trustworthiness, and risk levels
- MANAGE: Implement controls, monitor continuously, and respond to incidents
Each function contains Categories and Subcategories that define specific actions and outcomes.
GOVERN Function
Purpose: Cultivate organizational culture and establish structures to enable responsible AI development and use.
Category GOVERN 1: Policies, Processes, Procedures, and Practices
Objective: Establish governance frameworks that integrate AI risk management into organizational operations.
GOVERN 1.1: Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Action: Understand and document applicable legal and regulatory requirements for AI.
What this means:
- Identify laws, regulations, and standards that apply to your AI use (industry-specific, data privacy, discrimination, safety)
- Monitor for new or changing AI regulations
- Ensure AI systems comply with requirements
Checklist:
[ ] Regulatory inventory completed:
- [ ] Federal regulations identified (OMB M-24-10 for agencies, FTC Act, ECOA, ADA, etc.)
- [ ] State regulations reviewed (CCPA, AI-specific state laws)
- [ ] Industry regulations documented (HIPAA for healthcare, SR 11-7 for finance, etc.)
- [ ] International regulations considered if applicable (GDPR, EU AI Act)
[ ] Compliance requirements documented:
- [ ] Requirements mapped to specific AI systems
- [ ] Compliance gaps identified
- [ ] Remediation plans created
[ ] Regulatory monitoring established:
- [ ] Process to track new/changing AI regulations
- [ ] Responsibility assigned for regulatory updates
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Governance documentation: Evidence packs demonstrate AI governance for regulatory compliance
- ⚙️ Compliance tracking: Organization must track regulations; SignalBreak provides evidence of implementation
GOVERN 1.2: Organizational AI Risk Management Strategy
Action: Establish an AI risk management strategy aligned with organizational values and risk appetite.
What this means:
- Define how AI fits into organizational strategy
- Establish risk appetite for AI (how much risk is acceptable)
- Create governance structure (who is responsible for AI risk management)
Checklist:
[ ] AI strategy documented:
- [ ] AI vision and goals aligned with organizational mission
- [ ] AI use cases prioritized based on value and risk
- [ ] Resources allocated for AI governance
[ ] Risk appetite defined:
- [ ] Risk tolerance for different AI impact levels (high-risk vs. low-risk)
- [ ] Criteria for AI approval, escalation, and discontinuation
- [ ] Balance between innovation and caution established
[ ] Governance structure established:
- [ ] AI governance committee or steering group formed
- [ ] Roles and responsibilities assigned (AI owners, risk managers, compliance)
- [ ] Escalation paths defined
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Organization structure: Define governance via scenarios (AI systems) and roles (Admins, Members, Viewers)
- 📋 Risk reports: Dashboard shows AI risks to inform strategy discussions
GOVERN 1.3: Organizational AI Risk Management Processes
Action: Establish processes for managing AI throughout its lifecycle.
What this means:
- Define how AI is developed, deployed, monitored, and retired
- Integrate AI risk management into existing processes (IT, security, compliance)
- Document procedures and assign ownership
Checklist:
[ ] Lifecycle processes documented:
- [ ] AI development: Requirements, design, testing, approval
- [ ] AI deployment: Production release, rollback, change management
- [ ] AI monitoring: Performance, accuracy, fairness, incidents
- [ ] AI retirement: Decommissioning, data disposal, documentation
[ ] Integration with existing processes:
- [ ] AI risk management integrated with enterprise risk management (ERM)
- [ ] AI security integrated with information security program
- [ ] AI privacy integrated with privacy program
- [ ] AI procurement integrated with vendor management
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Monitoring process: Continuous signal detection supports AI monitoring lifecycle phase
- 📋 Audit trail: Logs document governance activities across AI lifecycle
GOVERN 1.4: Roles and Responsibilities
Action: Clearly define and communicate roles and responsibilities for AI risk management.
What this means:
- Assign accountability for AI governance (who decides, who executes, who is informed)
- Ensure roles have authority and resources
- Document responsibilities and communicate to team
Checklist:
[ ] Roles defined and assigned:
- [ ] Executive sponsor (accountable for AI strategy and risk)
- [ ] AI governance committee (oversight and policy)
- [ ] AI system owners (accountable for specific AI systems)
- [ ] AI risk manager (assesses and mitigates AI risks)
- [ ] Data stewards (manage data for AI)
- [ ] Security and compliance officers (ensure AI meets requirements)
[ ] Responsibilities documented:
- [ ] RACI matrix (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed)
- [ ] Authority defined (who can approve, pause, or retire AI systems)
- [ ] Escalation paths clear
[ ] Communication completed:
- [ ] Roles communicated to team
- [ ] Training provided on responsibilities
- [ ] Roles reviewed annually
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Role-based access: Admins (governance), Members (operations), Viewers (monitoring)
- ✅ Alert routing: Signals escalate to appropriate stakeholders
GOVERN 1.5: Organizational Policies for AI
Action: Establish policies that guide responsible AI use.
What this means:
- Written policies define expectations for AI (ethics, fairness, transparency, security)
- Policies approved by leadership and communicated to staff
- Policies enforced through processes and controls
Checklist:
[ ] ⚙️ AI policy established:
- [ ] Purpose and scope defined
- [ ] Principles for responsible AI articulated (fairness, transparency, accountability)
- [ ] Prohibited AI uses identified (e.g., discriminatory AI, surveillance without consent)
- [ ] Requirements for AI approval and oversight
- [ ] Policy approved by leadership
[ ] Policy communicated:
- [ ] Published to staff and contractors
- [ ] Training provided on policy
- [ ] Policy accessible (intranet, handbook)
[ ] Policy enforced:
- [ ] Processes ensure policy compliance (e.g., impact assessments before deployment)
- [ ] Non-compliance addressed (investigation, corrective action)
- [ ] Policy reviewed annually and updated
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Policy enforcement: SignalBreak enforces monitoring and alerting policies (once defined)
- 📋 Compliance evidence: Reports show policy implementation (e.g., "100% of production AI monitored")
GOVERN 1.6: Accountability Structures
Action: Establish accountability for AI outcomes.
What this means:
- Clear ownership for each AI system (someone is accountable for its performance and impacts)
- Mechanisms to hold owners accountable (performance reviews, incentives, consequences)
- Escalation when accountability fails
Checklist:
[ ] Ownership assigned:
- [ ] Each AI system has a named owner (individual or team)
- [ ] Owner accountable for performance, fairness, security, compliance
- [ ] Ownership documented and communicated
[ ] Accountability mechanisms established:
- [ ] AI performance included in owner's objectives and reviews
- [ ] Incentives align with responsible AI outcomes
- [ ] Consequences for non-compliance or negligence
- [ ] Escalation to leadership when risks emerge
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Scenario ownership: Assign owners to scenarios (AI systems) for accountability
- 📋 Audit trail: Documents who took action (or failed to act) on AI risks
GOVERN 1.7: Workforce AI Literacy
Action: Ensure workforce has knowledge and skills to engage responsibly with AI.
What this means:
- Staff understand AI capabilities, limitations, and risks
- Training appropriate to role (executives, AI developers, AI users, general staff)
- Continuous learning as AI evolves
Checklist:
[ ] Training program established:
- [ ] AI literacy training for all staff (what is AI, how it's used, risks)
- [ ] Role-specific training (developers: responsible AI development; users: interpreting AI outputs; governance: risk assessment)
- [ ] Compliance training (legal, ethical, regulatory requirements)
[ ] Training delivered:
- [ ] Initial training for new hires
- [ ] Refresher training (annual or after incidents)
- [ ] Completion tracked
[ ] Competence verified:
- [ ] Assessments or quizzes
- [ ] Certification for high-risk roles
- [ ] Gaps addressed through additional training
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ User-friendly platform: Reduces training burden (intuitive interface)
- 📋 Real-time learning: Signals provide on-the-job learning about AI risks
Category GOVERN 2: Accountability and Transparency
Objective: Ensure AI systems are accountable and transparent to stakeholders.
GOVERN 2.1: Documentation of AI System Development and Use
Action: Maintain comprehensive documentation of AI systems.
What this means:
- Document AI purpose, design, data, performance, and risks
- Keep documentation current as AI changes
- Make documentation accessible to relevant stakeholders
Checklist:
[ ] AI system documentation created:
- [ ] Purpose and use case
- [ ] Data sources (training data, operational data)
- [ ] Model architecture and algorithms
- [ ] Performance metrics and limitations
- [ ] Known risks and mitigation measures
- [ ] Version history and change log
[ ] Documentation maintained:
- [ ] Updated when AI system changes
- [ ] Version control applied
- [ ] Obsolete documentation archived
[ ] Documentation accessible:
- [ ] Stored in centralized repository
- [ ] Available to AI owners, governance, auditors, and relevant stakeholders
- [ ] Searchable and well-organized
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 AI inventory: Automatically maintains list of AI systems (scenarios) and providers
- 📋 Change logs: Logs AI provider model updates (version history)
- 📋 Evidence packs: Compile documentation for stakeholders or auditors
GOVERN 2.2: Disclosure of AI Use
Action: Disclose AI use to affected individuals and stakeholders where appropriate.
What this means:
- Inform people when they interact with AI (e.g., chatbots, automated decisions)
- Explain how AI is used and what data it processes
- Provide transparency about AI limitations and risks
Checklist:
[ ] Disclosure requirements defined:
- [ ] Identify which AI systems require disclosure (customer-facing, high-stakes decisions)
- [ ] Determine what to disclose (AI use, data collected, decision logic, human review)
- [ ] Establish disclosure methods (UI messages, terms of service, privacy notices)
[ ] Disclosures implemented:
- [ ] Notifications added to AI-powered interfaces
- [ ] Privacy notices updated to describe AI use
- [ ] FAQs or help content explains AI to users
[ ] Feedback mechanisms provided:
- [ ] Users can ask questions about AI
- [ ] Users can challenge or appeal AI decisions
- [ ] Feedback incorporated into AI improvement
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Transparency: Organization must implement disclosure; SignalBreak provides AI inventory to inform disclosure
- 📋 Documentation: Reports show which AI providers are used (supports transparency)
GOVERN 2.3: Explainability and Interpretability
Action: Design AI systems to be explainable and interpretable where appropriate.
What this means:
- High-stakes AI (benefits, employment, credit, enforcement) should provide explanations for decisions
- Explanations appropriate to audience (technical for developers, plain language for users)
- Balance explainability with performance (simpler models may be more explainable)
Checklist:
[ ] Explainability requirements defined:
- [ ] Identify which AI systems require explanations (high-stakes, legally mandated)
- [ ] Define level of explanation needed (feature importance, decision path, plain-language summary)
[ ] Explainability implemented:
- [ ] Explainable AI techniques used (LIME, SHAP, attention mechanisms)
- [ ] Explanation interfaces built (dashboards, reports, user-facing messages)
- [ ] Explanations tested with target audiences for comprehension
[ ] Limitations documented:
- [ ] Cases where explanations are partial or unavailable
- [ ] Trade-offs between explainability and performance acknowledged
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Explainability: Organization must implement; SignalBreak logs which AI model versions were used (supports explainability for decisions)
- 📋 Audit trail: Documents AI provider and model version for each time period (enables tracing decisions)
Category GOVERN 3: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA)
Objective: Ensure AI systems promote fairness and accessibility.
GOVERN 3.1: Diversity and Inclusion in AI Teams
Action: Foster diversity in teams that design, develop, and deploy AI.
What this means:
- Diverse teams bring varied perspectives that reduce blind spots and bias
- Include perspectives from affected communities, ethicists, and domain experts
- Create inclusive culture where concerns about AI fairness are heard and addressed
Checklist:
[ ] Diversity goals established:
- [ ] Representation goals for AI teams (demographics, disciplines, perspectives)
- [ ] Recruitment and hiring practices promote diversity
- [ ] Retention and advancement support diversity
[ ] Inclusion practices implemented:
- [ ] Inclusive culture fostered (psychological safety, diverse voices valued)
- [ ] Bias awareness training provided
- [ ] Ethics and fairness concerns welcomed and addressed
[ ] Stakeholder engagement:
- [ ] Affected communities consulted during AI design
- [ ] Domain experts involved (not just technologists)
- [ ] Feedback incorporated into AI systems
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Team diversity: Organization must establish; SignalBreak supports diverse governance teams via role-based access
GOVERN 3.2: Accessibility in AI Systems
Action: Ensure AI systems are accessible to people with disabilities.
What this means:
- AI interfaces comply with accessibility standards (WCAG, Section 508)
- AI outputs available in accessible formats (screen reader compatible, alternative text, transcripts)
- AI does not discriminate against people with disabilities
Checklist:
[ ] Accessibility requirements defined:
- [ ] Standards identified (WCAG 2.1 Level AA, Section 508 for federal)
- [ ] Accessibility requirements documented for AI interfaces
[ ] Accessibility implemented:
- [ ] AI interfaces tested with assistive technologies (screen readers, voice control)
- [ ] Alternative formats provided (transcripts for audio, alt text for images)
- [ ] Accessibility issues remediated
[ ] Accessibility maintained:
- [ ] Accessibility tested when AI systems updated
- [ ] User feedback from people with disabilities solicited and addressed
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Accessibility: Organization must implement; SignalBreak platform itself follows accessibility best practices
- 📋 Documentation: Reports support compliance documentation for accessibility audits
Category GOVERN 4: Organizational Transparency
Objective: Be transparent with stakeholders about AI governance practices.
GOVERN 4.1: Transparent AI Governance Practices
Action: Communicate AI governance practices to stakeholders.
What this means:
- Publicly share AI principles, policies, and governance structures (where appropriate)
- Report on AI risk management activities (audits, assessments, incidents)
- Engage stakeholders in AI governance dialogue
Checklist:
[ ] Transparency commitments defined:
- [ ] Determine what to disclose publicly (AI principles, governance structure, impact assessments)
- [ ] Balance transparency with proprietary/security concerns
- [ ] Define reporting cadence (annual AI governance report, incident disclosures)
[ ] Transparency implemented:
- [ ] AI principles and policies published (website, reports)
- [ ] AI governance structure disclosed (roles, processes)
- [ ] AI risk management activities reported (audits, incidents, improvements)
[ ] Stakeholder engagement:
- [ ] Channels for stakeholder feedback (surveys, consultations, public comment)
- [ ] Feedback incorporated into governance practices
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Governance reports: Generate reports for public or stakeholder disclosure
- ✅ Transparency: Dashboard provides internal transparency (governance team visibility)
MAP Function
Purpose: Identify and document AI use cases, context, impacts, and risks.
Category MAP 1: Context and Intent
Objective: Understand the context in which AI is used and intended purposes.
MAP 1.1: AI Use Cases and Applications
Action: Identify and document all AI use cases within the organization.
What this means:
- Create inventory of AI systems (purchased, developed, piloted)
- Document purpose, users, and benefits for each AI system
- Update inventory as AI landscape changes
Checklist:
[ ] AI inventory created:
- [ ] All AI systems identified (production, pilot, research)
- [ ] For each AI: Purpose, business function, users, data, AI provider
- [ ] Inventory includes both internally developed and third-party AI
[ ] Inventory maintained:
- [ ] Process to discover new AI (procurement reviews, IT audits, employee surveys)
- [ ] Inventory updated quarterly or continuously
- [ ] Retired AI systems removed
[ ] Inventory accessible:
- [ ] Published to governance team, leadership, and auditors
- [ ] Searchable and filterable
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ AI inventory: Scenarios provide automatic, continuously updated AI inventory
- ✅ Discovery: Identify AI usage across organization through scenario monitoring
MAP 1.2: AI System Objectives and Expected Benefits
Action: Document intended objectives and benefits of each AI system.
What this means:
- Why is this AI being used? What problem does it solve?
- What are success criteria? How will benefits be measured?
- Are objectives aligned with organizational values and ethics?
Checklist:
[ ] Objectives documented for each AI:
- [ ] Business problem or opportunity addressed
- [ ] Expected benefits (efficiency, accuracy, cost savings, customer experience)
- [ ] Success metrics (KPIs, performance targets)
[ ] Alignment verified:
- [ ] AI objectives align with organizational strategy
- [ ] AI use is consistent with ethical principles and policies
- [ ] Trade-offs considered (e.g., efficiency vs. explainability)
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Scenario descriptions: Document AI objectives in scenario metadata
- ⚙️ Alignment: Organization defines objectives; SignalBreak monitors performance toward them
MAP 1.3: Stakeholder Analysis
Action: Identify stakeholders affected by AI and understand their perspectives.
What this means:
- Who uses, is affected by, or has interest in this AI?
- What are their needs, concerns, and expectations?
- How will they be engaged in AI governance?
Checklist:
[ ] Stakeholders identified:
- [ ] End users of AI (customers, employees, citizens)
- [ ] People affected by AI decisions (benefit recipients, loan applicants, enforcement targets)
- [ ] Internal stakeholders (developers, business owners, compliance, leadership)
- [ ] External stakeholders (regulators, advocacy groups, media, public)
[ ] Perspectives documented:
- [ ] Needs and expectations of each stakeholder group
- [ ] Concerns and risks perceived by stakeholders
- [ ] Power dynamics and vulnerable populations identified
[ ] Engagement planned:
- [ ] How stakeholders will be consulted during AI design and operation
- [ ] How feedback will be collected and incorporated
- [ ] How stakeholders will be informed of AI changes or incidents
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Stakeholder engagement: Organization must establish; SignalBreak alerts notify stakeholders of AI incidents
- 📋 Communication: Reports provide information for stakeholder updates
Category MAP 2: Context and Risk Assessment
Objective: Assess AI risks in context.
MAP 2.1: Potential Benefits and Costs
Action: Evaluate potential benefits and costs of AI use.
What this means:
- Beyond intended benefits, what are unintended consequences?
- Who benefits from AI? Who bears costs or risks?
- Are benefits distributed equitably?
Checklist:
[ ] Benefits assessed:
- [ ] Direct benefits (efficiency, accuracy, cost savings)
- [ ] Indirect benefits (improved decision-making, insights, innovation)
- [ ] Beneficiaries identified (organization, customers, employees, society)
[ ] Costs assessed:
- [ ] Direct costs (development, licensing, infrastructure, maintenance)
- [ ] Indirect costs (risks, harms, opportunity costs)
- [ ] Cost bearers identified (who pays financially, who bears risks)
[ ] Equity considered:
- [ ] Benefits distributed fairly across stakeholder groups?
- [ ] Disadvantaged groups disproportionately bearing costs or risks?
- [ ] Mitigation for inequitable distributions?
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Cost-benefit analysis: Organization must conduct; SignalBreak provides data on AI provider costs and risks
- 📋 Risk reports: Inform cost-benefit discussions with AI risk data
MAP 2.2: Identification of AI Risks
Action: Identify potential AI risks in context.
What this means:
- What can go wrong with this AI? (technical failures, misuse, unintended consequences)
- Who might be harmed? How severe are potential harms?
- What is likelihood of risks materializing?
Checklist:
[ ] Risk types identified:
- [ ] Technical risks: Errors, bias, inaccuracy, outages, model drift, adversarial attacks
- [ ] Misuse risks: AI used for unauthorized or unethical purposes
- [ ] Societal risks: Discrimination, privacy violations, job displacement, environmental impact
- [ ] Vendor risks: Third-party AI provider failures, security breaches, vendor lock-in
[ ] Harms assessed:
- [ ] Potential harms to individuals (discrimination, privacy breach, physical harm, economic loss)
- [ ] Potential harms to organization (legal liability, reputational damage, financial loss, operational disruption)
- [ ] Potential harms to society (erosion of trust, social inequality, environmental harm)
[ ] Likelihood and severity evaluated:
- [ ] Likelihood of each risk (rare, possible, likely, almost certain)
- [ ] Severity of harm if risk materializes (negligible, minor, moderate, major, catastrophic)
- [ ] Risk level calculated (likelihood × severity)
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Risk detection: Automatically identifies AI risks (outages, model updates, concentration)
- 📋 Risk reports: Dashboard shows identified risks and severity
MAP 2.3: AI System Components and Dependencies
Action: Map AI system components and dependencies.
What this means:
- What are the building blocks of this AI? (data, model, infrastructure, integrations)
- What does this AI depend on? (third-party APIs, data sources, human inputs)
- Where are single points of failure?
Checklist:
[ ] Components mapped:
- [ ] Data: Training data, operational input data, reference data
- [ ] Model: Algorithm, architecture, version, provider
- [ ] Infrastructure: Cloud hosting, compute, storage
- [ ] Integrations: APIs, databases, applications AI connects to
- [ ] Human elements: Human review, feedback, oversight
[ ] Dependencies documented:
- [ ] Third-party AI providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, etc.)
- [ ] Data providers and sources
- [ ] Infrastructure dependencies (cloud regions, availability zones)
- [ ] Integration dependencies (APIs that must remain available)
[ ] Single points of failure identified:
- [ ] Critical components with no redundancy
- [ ] Concentration risks (e.g., 80% of AI from one provider)
- [ ] Mitigation plans for single points of failure
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Dependency mapping: Provider bindings show which AI providers each scenario depends on
- ✅ Concentration risk: Reports identify single points of failure (vendor concentration)
Category MAP 3: AI System Categorization
Objective: Categorize AI systems by impact and risk level.
MAP 3.1: AI Impact Level Assessment
Action: Assess potential impact of AI on individuals, organizations, and society.
What this means:
- Classify AI by impact level (high, medium, low) to prioritize governance
- High-impact AI (affects rights, safety, critical operations) requires more rigorous governance
- Low-impact AI (administrative, operational support) may need lighter oversight
Checklist:
[ ] Impact criteria defined:
- [ ] High impact: Affects civil rights/liberties, safety, critical decisions (benefits, credit, employment, enforcement), or critical operations
- [ ] Medium impact: Affects important but not critical decisions, or processes non-sensitive data
- [ ] Low impact: Administrative, operational support, no significant individual or societal impact
[ ] AI systems classified:
- [ ] Each AI system assigned an impact level
- [ ] Classification documented and reviewed
- [ ] Classification triggers governance requirements (high-impact = more rigorous)
[ ] Governance tailored to impact:
- [ ] High-impact AI: Impact assessments, bias testing, human oversight, continuous monitoring
- [ ] Medium-impact AI: Risk assessment, periodic monitoring
- [ ] Low-impact AI: Basic inventory and policy compliance
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Impact classification: Scenarios can be tagged with impact level for prioritization
- 📋 Risk-based reporting: Filter dashboards by impact level to focus on high-risk AI
MAP 3.2: Trustworthiness Characteristics Assessment
Action: Assess AI systems against NIST's seven characteristics of trustworthy AI.
What this means:
- Evaluate how well each AI system demonstrates:
- Valid and reliable
- Safe
- Secure and resilient
- Accountable and transparent
- Explainable and interpretable
- Privacy-enhanced
- Fair (harmful bias managed)
Checklist:
[ ] Assessment framework established:
- [ ] Criteria defined for each trustworthiness characteristic
- [ ] Assessment method chosen (qualitative, quantitative, scorecard)
- [ ] Assessment responsibility assigned
[ ] Assessments conducted:
- [ ] Each AI system assessed against seven characteristics
- [ ] Gaps identified (where AI falls short of trustworthiness)
- [ ] Mitigation plans created for gaps
[ ] Results used to prioritize:
- [ ] AI with low trustworthiness scores prioritized for improvement or retirement
- [ ] Results inform risk management decisions
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Trustworthiness evidence: Monitoring and alerts demonstrate "secure and resilient" and "accountable and transparent" characteristics
- ⚙️ Other characteristics: Organization must assess; SignalBreak provides data on AI provider performance to inform assessment
MEASURE Function
Purpose: Assess AI system performance, trustworthiness, and impacts.
Category MEASURE 1: Performance Metrics
Objective: Measure AI system performance against intended objectives.
MEASURE 1.1: AI Performance Metrics
Action: Define and track performance metrics for AI systems.
What this means:
- What metrics define success for this AI? (accuracy, precision, recall, latency, uptime)
- Are metrics tracked continuously?
- Do metrics align with business objectives and user needs?
Checklist:
[ ] Metrics defined for each AI:
- [ ] Technical performance (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, AUC)
- [ ] Operational performance (uptime, response time, throughput)
- [ ] Business performance (cost savings, efficiency gains, user satisfaction)
[ ] Metrics tracked:
- [ ] Automated collection where possible (monitoring tools, logs, APIs)
- [ ] Manual collection for qualitative metrics (user feedback, incident reports)
- [ ] Historical data retained for trend analysis
[ ] Performance evaluated:
- [ ] Metrics reviewed regularly (weekly, monthly, quarterly)
- [ ] Trends analyzed (improving, stable, degrading)
- [ ] Performance compared to baselines and targets
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Uptime monitoring: Track AI provider availability (operational performance)
- ✅ Signal trends: Show AI risk trends over time (informs performance evaluation)
- 📋 Reports: Provide performance data for analysis
MEASURE 1.2: Model Monitoring and Drift Detection
Action: Monitor AI models for performance degradation and drift.
What this means:
- AI models can degrade over time as data or environments change (model drift)
- Detect when model performance declines below acceptable thresholds
- Investigate and remediate drift
Checklist:
[ ] Drift detection implemented:
- [ ] Monitor input data distributions (data drift)
- [ ] Monitor model output distributions (prediction drift)
- [ ] Monitor performance metrics (performance drift)
- [ ] Alert when drift exceeds thresholds
[ ] Drift investigation process:
- [ ] Investigate root cause of drift (data changes, environment changes, model staleness)
- [ ] Assess impact (is AI still safe and effective?)
- [ ] Decide action (retrain, recalibrate, retire)
[ ] Retraining triggered:
- [ ] Models retrained when drift detected
- [ ] Retrained models tested before redeployment
- [ ] Retraining logged and documented
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Provider change detection: Alerts when AI providers update models (potential source of drift)
- ⚙️ Model drift: Organization must monitor outputs; SignalBreak detects provider-side changes
Category MEASURE 2: Trustworthiness Metrics
Objective: Measure AI trustworthiness characteristics.
MEASURE 2.1: Fairness and Bias Testing
Action: Measure AI fairness and test for harmful bias.
What this means:
- Analyze AI outputs by demographic groups (race, sex, age, disability)
- Calculate fairness metrics (disparate impact, equalized odds, demographic parity)
- Identify and mitigate bias
Checklist:
[ ] Fairness metrics defined:
- [ ] Relevant protected classes identified (based on use case and regulation)
- [ ] Fairness metrics chosen (disparate impact ratio, false positive/negative rates by group, demographic parity)
- [ ] Thresholds established (e.g., disparate impact <0.8 requires investigation)
[ ] Bias testing conducted:
- [ ] AI outputs analyzed by protected class
- [ ] Fairness metrics calculated
- [ ] Bias identified (disparate impact, disparate errors, stereotype amplification)
[ ] Bias mitigated:
- [ ] Root cause analyzed (biased training data, proxy discrimination, algorithmic bias)
- [ ] Mitigation applied (data rebalancing, algorithmic fairness constraints, threshold adjustment)
- [ ] Effectiveness verified (retest fairness after mitigation)
[ ] Testing repeated:
- [ ] Periodic testing (quarterly or annually)
- [ ] Testing triggered by model updates, data changes, or incidents
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Change alerts: Notify when AI providers update models (trigger bias retesting)
- 📋 Documentation: Logs show which model versions were tested for bias
MEASURE 2.2: Privacy and Security Assessments
Action: Assess AI systems for privacy and security risks.
What this means:
- Identify privacy risks (data minimization, consent, purpose limitation, security)
- Assess security controls (access control, encryption, vulnerability management)
- Conduct privacy impact assessments (PIAs) or data protection impact assessments (DPIAs)
Checklist:
[ ] Privacy risks assessed:
- [ ] Data inventory (what personal data does AI process?)
- [ ] Lawful basis verified (consent, contract, legitimate interest, legal obligation)
- [ ] Data minimization applied (only necessary data collected/processed)
- [ ] Purpose limitation enforced (data used only for stated purpose)
- [ ] Data retention limits defined
[ ] Security controls assessed:
- [ ] Access control (who can access AI and data?)
- [ ] Encryption (data at rest, in transit)
- [ ] Vulnerability management (patching, scanning)
- [ ] Incident response (breach detection, notification, remediation)
[ ] Impact assessments conducted:
- [ ] PIAs/DPIAs for high-privacy-risk AI
- [ ] Mitigation measures identified and implemented
- [ ] Assessments reviewed when AI changes
SignalBreak support:
- ⚙️ Privacy and security: Organization must implement; SignalBreak tracks AI provider security incidents
- 📋 Vendor security: Documentation shows which providers process sensitive data
MEASURE 2.3: Explainability and Transparency Assessments
Action: Assess whether AI systems provide adequate explanations.
What this means:
- Can users understand how AI arrived at its output?
- Are explanations accurate, complete, and useful?
- Do explanations meet legal or ethical requirements?
Checklist:
[ ] Explainability requirements defined:
- [ ] Which AI systems require explanations (high-stakes, legally mandated)
- [ ] What level of explanation (feature importance, decision path, counterfactuals)
- [ ] Who needs explanations (users, regulators, auditors)
[ ] Explanations tested:
- [ ] Explanation accuracy verified (explanations reflect actual model behavior)
- [ ] Explanation comprehension tested (users understand explanations)
- [ ] Explanation usefulness assessed (explanations enable meaningful action)
[ ] Gaps addressed:
- [ ] Explanation methods improved where inadequate
- [ ] Alternative approaches explored (simpler models, hybrid systems)
- [ ] Limitations disclosed when explanations partial or unavailable
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Transparency: Audit trail shows which AI model version was used (supports explainability for decisions)
- ⚙️ Explanations: Organization must implement; SignalBreak provides context (provider, model, date)
Category MEASURE 3: Risk Measurement
Objective: Measure and evaluate AI-related risks.
MEASURE 3.1: Risk Likelihood and Impact Assessment
Action: Assess likelihood and impact of identified AI risks.
What this means:
- For each risk identified in MAP function, evaluate:
- Likelihood (how probable is this risk?)
- Impact (how severe would consequences be?)
- Risk level (likelihood × impact)
Checklist:
[ ] Risk assessment methodology established:
- [ ] Likelihood scale defined (e.g., 1=rare, 2=possible, 3=likely, 4=almost certain)
- [ ] Impact scale defined (e.g., 1=negligible, 2=minor, 3=moderate, 4=major, 5=catastrophic)
- [ ] Risk matrix created (likelihood × impact = risk level)
- [ ] Risk appetite thresholds (which risks require mitigation vs. acceptance)
[ ] Risks assessed:
- [ ] Likelihood evaluated for each identified risk
- [ ] Impact evaluated (to individuals, organization, society)
- [ ] Risk level calculated
- [ ] Risks prioritized by level
[ ] Assessments updated:
- [ ] Reassess when AI changes (model updates, new use cases)
- [ ] Reassess when context changes (new regulations, incidents)
- [ ] Periodic reassessment (annually or as defined)
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Risk detection: Automatically identifies risks (outages, model updates, concentration)
- 📋 Risk reports: Provide data for likelihood and impact assessment
- ✅ Risk prioritization: Critical signals highlight highest-priority risks
MEASURE 3.2: Incident and Near-Miss Tracking
Action: Track AI-related incidents and near-misses.
What this means:
- Log when AI fails, causes harm, or nearly causes harm
- Analyze incidents to identify root causes and trends
- Use incident data to improve AI systems and risk management
Checklist:
[ ] Incident tracking system established:
- [ ] Incident definition (what constitutes an AI incident?)
- [ ] Incident logging process (how, where, by whom)
- [ ] Incident categorization (technical failure, bias, security, misuse, other)
- [ ] Incident severity levels
[ ] Incidents tracked:
- [ ] All AI incidents logged
- [ ] Near-misses logged (incidents caught before harm occurred)
- [ ] Incident details captured (what happened, root cause, impact, response)
[ ] Incident analysis conducted:
- [ ] Trends analyzed (common root causes, affected AI systems, time patterns)
- [ ] Lessons learned documented
- [ ] Improvements identified and implemented
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Incident detection: Signals automatically detect AI provider incidents
- 📋 Incident log: Signal history provides audit trail of incidents
- ✅ Trend analysis: Dashboard shows incident patterns over time
MANAGE Function
Purpose: Implement controls, monitor continuously, and respond to incidents.
Category MANAGE 1: Risk Treatment
Objective: Implement controls to mitigate AI risks.
MANAGE 1.1: Risk Mitigation and Control Implementation
Action: Implement controls to reduce AI risks to acceptable levels.
What this means:
- For risks that exceed appetite, implement mitigation measures
- Controls can be preventive (stop risks before they occur) or detective (detect risks quickly)
- Verify controls are effective
Checklist:
[ ] Risk treatment decisions made:
- [ ] For each risk: Mitigate, Accept, Transfer (insurance, vendor contractual liability), or Avoid (don't use AI)
- [ ] Treatment plans documented with owners and timelines
[ ] Controls implemented:
- [ ] Preventive controls: Design choices, input validation, output constraints, human review, fallback systems
- [ ] Detective controls: Monitoring, alerting, auditing, testing
- [ ] Corrective controls: Incident response, rollback, model retraining
[ ] Control effectiveness verified:
- [ ] Controls tested (do they work as intended?)
- [ ] Residual risk assessed (after controls, is risk acceptable?)
- [ ] Controls monitored for continued effectiveness
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Detective controls: Continuous monitoring and alerting (detect AI risks)
- ✅ Preventive controls: Fallback providers (prevent single points of failure)
- 📋 Control documentation: Logs show controls in place and functioning
MANAGE 1.2: Contingency Planning
Action: Develop contingency plans for AI failures.
What this means:
- What happens if this AI fails? (outage, errors, bias incident)
- How do we maintain operations? (fallback systems, manual processes)
- How do we recover? (restore service, investigate, prevent recurrence)
Checklist:
[ ] Contingency plans created:
- [ ] Failure scenarios identified (AI outage, performance degradation, security breach, bias incident)
- [ ] Contingency actions defined (switch to fallback AI, manual process, pause operations, notify users)
- [ ] Roles and responsibilities assigned
[ ] Fallback capabilities established:
- [ ] Alternative AI providers configured
- [ ] Manual processes documented and staff trained
- [ ] Failover mechanisms tested
[ ] Plans tested:
- [ ] Tabletop exercises or simulations
- [ ] Weaknesses identified and addressed
- [ ] Plans updated based on lessons learned
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Fallback providers: Configure alternative AI providers (contingency capability)
- ✅ Failover testing: Test switching between providers
Category MANAGE 2: Ongoing Monitoring and Response
Objective: Continuously monitor AI systems and respond to incidents.
MANAGE 2.1: Continuous AI Monitoring
Action: Monitor AI systems continuously for risks and performance issues.
What this means:
- Real-time or near-real-time monitoring of AI
- Automated alerts when thresholds exceeded or anomalies detected
- Human review and investigation of alerts
Checklist:
[ ] Monitoring implemented:
- [ ] Technical monitoring (uptime, latency, errors, resource usage)
- [ ] Performance monitoring (accuracy, bias, drift)
- [ ] Security monitoring (unauthorized access, data breaches)
- [ ] Vendor monitoring (AI provider incidents, model updates)
[ ] Alerting configured:
- [ ] Thresholds defined for critical metrics
- [ ] Alerts sent to responsible parties
- [ ] Alert severity levels (informational, warning, critical)
- [ ] Escalation procedures for urgent alerts
[ ] Monitoring reviewed:
- [ ] Alerts triaged daily
- [ ] False positives reduced (threshold tuning)
- [ ] Monitoring coverage expanded as AI landscape evolves
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Continuous monitoring: Automatic signal detection 24/7
- ✅ Alerting: Email notifications for critical signals
- ✅ Vendor monitoring: Track AI provider incidents and model updates
MANAGE 2.2: Incident Response
Action: Respond promptly and effectively to AI incidents.
What this means:
- When AI fails or causes harm, activate incident response
- Contain incident, investigate root cause, remediate, communicate, learn
- Document incident and improvements
Checklist:
[ ] Incident response plan established:
- [ ] Incident response team (roles, contact info, authority)
- [ ] Response procedures (triage, containment, investigation, remediation, communication)
- [ ] Escalation criteria (when to escalate to leadership, regulators, public)
[ ] Incident response activated when needed:
- [ ] Incident detected (via monitoring, user reports, media)
- [ ] Response team convened
- [ ] Incident contained (pause AI, switch to fallback, mitigate harm)
- [ ] Investigation conducted (root cause, scope of impact)
- [ ] Remediation implemented (fix issue, compensate affected parties)
- [ ] Communication provided (internal, users, regulators, public as appropriate)
[ ] Post-incident review conducted:
- [ ] What happened, why, how was it handled?
- [ ] What went well, what could improve?
- [ ] Lessons learned documented
- [ ] Improvements implemented
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Incident detection: Signals trigger incident response workflow
- 📋 Incident documentation: Signal logs provide evidence for post-incident review
- ✅ Communication: Alerts notify incident response team immediately
MANAGE 2.3: AI System Maintenance and Updates
Action: Maintain AI systems and manage updates safely.
What this means:
- Keep AI systems current (security patches, performance improvements)
- Manage AI model updates (test, assess impact, deploy safely)
- Retire AI systems when no longer needed or safe
Checklist:
[ ] Maintenance procedures established:
- [ ] Regular maintenance windows (security patches, dependency updates)
- [ ] Testing required before deploying maintenance changes
- [ ] Rollback plans in case of issues
[ ] Update management process:
- [ ] AI provider model updates detected
- [ ] Impact assessed (performance, bias, security)
- [ ] Testing conducted (functional, fairness, regression)
- [ ] Approval required before production deployment
- [ ] Updates logged and documented
[ ] Retirement process:
- [ ] Criteria for AI retirement (obsolete, unsafe, cost-ineffective)
- [ ] Decommissioning procedure (disable AI, archive data, update documentation)
- [ ] Retirement communicated to stakeholders
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Update detection: Alerts when AI providers release model updates
- 📋 Update log: Audit trail of model versions over time
- ✅ Change management: Alerts trigger testing and approval workflow
Category MANAGE 3: Continuous Improvement
Objective: Continuously improve AI risk management.
MANAGE 3.1: Feedback and Learning
Action: Collect feedback and learn from experience to improve AI systems and governance.
What this means:
- Solicit feedback from users, stakeholders, and team
- Analyze incidents, near-misses, and audit findings
- Use insights to improve AI systems, processes, and policies
Checklist:
[ ] Feedback mechanisms established:
- [ ] User feedback (surveys, support tickets, focus groups)
- [ ] Stakeholder feedback (consultations, advisory boards)
- [ ] Team feedback (retrospectives, suggestions, incident debriefs)
[ ] Feedback analyzed:
- [ ] Themes identified (common issues, improvement opportunities)
- [ ] Root causes analyzed
- [ ] Improvement proposals created
[ ] Improvements implemented:
- [ ] Proposals evaluated and prioritized
- [ ] Changes deployed (AI system improvements, process changes, policy updates)
- [ ] Effectiveness measured
SignalBreak support:
- ✅ Data for learning: Signal trends and incident reports inform improvement initiatives
- 📋 Documentation: Logs support retrospective analysis
MANAGE 3.2: Performance Optimization
Action: Optimize AI system performance based on measurement and feedback.
What this means:
- Use performance data to identify improvement opportunities
- Optimize for efficiency, accuracy, fairness, user experience
- Balance trade-offs (e.g., accuracy vs. explainability, performance vs. cost)
Checklist:
[ ] Optimization opportunities identified:
- [ ] Performance data reviewed (see MEASURE function)
- [ ] Bottlenecks identified (latency, errors, bias, costs)
- [ ] Improvement targets set
[ ] Optimizations implemented:
- [ ] Model improvements (retraining, algorithm changes, hyperparameter tuning)
- [ ] Infrastructure improvements (scaling, caching, edge deployment)
- [ ] Process improvements (automation, better data, human-AI collaboration)
[ ] Results measured:
- [ ] Performance improvements verified
- [ ] Trade-offs acceptable
- [ ] Optimizations documented
SignalBreak support:
- 📋 Performance data: Dashboards and reports inform optimization decisions
- ✅ Vendor optimization: Switch to better-performing providers when needed
NIST AI RMF Implementation Roadmap
Phase 1: Govern (Months 1-3)
Goal: Establish governance foundation for AI risk management.
Actions:
- Form AI governance committee and assign roles
- Draft AI policy and obtain leadership approval
- Conduct regulatory review and document requirements
- Deploy SignalBreak and configure organization structure
- Train staff on AI governance responsibilities
Deliverables:
- AI governance structure (committee, roles, responsibilities)
- AI policy (approved and communicated)
- Regulatory compliance requirements
- SignalBreak deployed and team onboarded
Phase 2: Map (Months 4-6)
Goal: Identify and document AI use cases, context, and risks.
Actions:
- Conduct AI inventory across organization
- Classify AI systems by impact level
- Identify stakeholders and document perspectives
- Map AI risks (technical, vendor, societal)
- Configure SignalBreak monitoring for top 20 AI systems
Deliverables:
- AI inventory (all AI systems documented)
- Impact level classifications
- Stakeholder analysis
- AI risk register
- SignalBreak scenarios covering high-risk AI
Phase 3: Measure (Months 7-9)
Goal: Assess AI performance, trustworthiness, and risks.
Actions:
- Define performance metrics for AI systems
- Conduct bias testing on high-impact AI
- Assess trustworthiness characteristics (valid, safe, secure, fair, transparent, privacy-enhanced, explainable)
- Complete privacy and security assessments
- Expand SignalBreak monitoring to all in-scope AI
Deliverables:
- Performance metrics dashboard
- Bias testing reports
- Trustworthiness assessments
- Privacy/security assessments
- Comprehensive SignalBreak monitoring
Phase 4: Manage (Months 10-12)
Goal: Implement controls, monitor continuously, and respond to incidents.
Actions:
- Implement risk mitigation controls (fallback providers, human oversight, testing)
- Develop contingency plans for AI failures
- Establish continuous monitoring and alerting (leverage SignalBreak)
- Create incident response playbook and train team
- Conduct tabletop exercise simulating AI incident
Deliverables:
- Risk mitigation controls implemented
- Contingency plans and fallback capabilities
- 24/7 monitoring and alerting via SignalBreak
- Incident response playbook
- Tabletop exercise results and improvements
Phase 5: Continuous Improvement (Ongoing)
Goal: Continuously improve AI risk management based on feedback and experience.
Actions:
- Collect feedback from users and stakeholders
- Analyze incidents and near-misses for lessons learned
- Optimize AI performance based on metrics
- Update policies and processes based on lessons learned
- Annual AI RMF maturity assessment
Deliverables:
- Feedback analysis and improvement initiatives
- Incident post-mortems and corrective actions
- AI performance optimizations
- Policy and process updates
- Annual maturity assessment report
SignalBreak Features Supporting NIST AI RMF
| NIST AI RMF Function | SignalBreak Feature | How It Helps |
|---|---|---|
| GOVERN: Organizational structures | Organization & roles | Define governance structure (Admins, Members, Viewers) |
| GOVERN: Documentation | Evidence packs & audit trails | Maintain comprehensive AI governance documentation |
| MAP: AI inventory | Scenarios | Automatic, continuously updated AI inventory |
| MAP: AI dependencies | Provider bindings | Map which AI providers each scenario depends on |
| MAP: Risk identification | Signal detection | Automatically identify AI risks (outages, updates, concentration) |
| MEASURE: Performance metrics | Dashboard & reports | Track AI provider performance and governance metrics |
| MEASURE: Incident tracking | Signal logs | Complete audit trail of AI incidents and responses |
| MANAGE: Risk mitigation | Fallback providers | Configure alternatives to mitigate vendor risk |
| MANAGE: Continuous monitoring | 24/7 signal detection | Real-time monitoring of AI systems and providers |
| MANAGE: Incident response | Email alerts | Immediate notification when critical AI risks emerge |
| MANAGE: Change management | Model update alerts | Detect AI provider updates and trigger review workflow |
| MANAGE: Continuous improvement | Trend analysis | Identify patterns and improvement opportunities |
Next Steps
- Download this checklist: Use it to assess your NIST AI RMF alignment
- Conduct gap analysis: Identify which actions and outcomes are not yet met
- Deploy SignalBreak: Start with AI inventory (MAP) and continuous monitoring (MANAGE)
- Prioritize actions: Focus on high-impact AI and critical risks first
- Track progress: Update checklist regularly and report to leadership
- Mature over time: NIST AI RMF is a journey—continuously improve governance practices
Related Documentation
- ISO 42001 Checklist - AI management system certification
- EU AI Act Checklist - European AI regulation compliance
- Government AI Governance - Federal agency AI governance guide
- Financial Services AI Governance - Banking AI risk management
- Healthcare AI Governance - Clinical AI governance
Support
- Documentation: Help Center
- Email: support@signal-break.com
- NIST AI RMF consulting: consulting@signal-break.com